EVALUATION OF THE CAUSE AND EFFECT OF FARMER- HERDERS CONFLICT ON FOOD SECURITY IN ZANGON KATAF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE

Abstract

The persistent conflict between farmers and herders in Zangon Local Government Area of Kaduna State has significantly disrupted agricultural activities and jeopardized rural livelihoods. This study investigates the underlying causes and consequences of the conflict, with particular emphasis on its impact on food production and food security. The study was guided by two research objectives and corresponding research questions. The study employed a survey research design. A total population of 250 farmers and herders was identified, from which a sample size of 154 respondents was selected using Slovin’s formula. Data were collected through a mixed-methods approach involving structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The instruments were validated by subject experts and questionnaire was tested for reliability using the Cronbach’s Alpha which yield a reliability coefficient of 0.74. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages. The study applied Eco-Violence and Conflict theories to explain violence from resource competition and unmet socio-economic needs. Findings indicate that the primary driver of the conflict is cattle encroachment on farmlands, leading to crop destruction and economic hardship. Other contributing factors include historical grievances, political manipulation, and the lack of defined grazing routes or ranches. The conflict has led to decreased agricultural productivity, food shortages, increased food prices, displacement of farming communities, and widespread abandonment of farmlands. The study concludes that resolving the conflict requires a multi-faceted approach, including the enactment of anti-open grazing legislation, development of ranching systems, and the establishment of inclusive community-based peace and security structures. Theoretically, the study contributes to the discourse on resource-based conflict by highlighting the interplay between environmental stress, weak governance, and socio-political tensions in agrarian contexts. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated policy responses to ensure food security and sustainable rural development in conflict-affected regions.