MULTI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY AND THE STATE OF HUMAN INSECURITY IN NIGERIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Abstract

Nigeria, often referred to as the "Giant of Africa," is the continent's most populous country and 
is endowed with vast natural resources, including oil. Despite its wealth, the nation faces 
profound developmental challenges, with 37% of its population living below the poverty line. 
The 2022 Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) assessed four key indicators; health, 
education, work, and shocks, and living standards-revealing that 63% of Nigerians are 
multidimensionally poor. This paper adopts a qualitative methodology, utilizing comparative 
data analysis to explore the relationship between multidimensional poverty and human 
insecurity. Through thematic analysis, content review, and comparative analytical frameworks, 
the study examines the intricate interconnections between these two phenomena. The findings 
indicate that multidimensional poverty is disproportionately higher in the northern regions of 
Nigeria compared to the southern regions. This disparity exacerbates inequalities, limiting 
access to essential resources such as income, healthcare, education, and adequate living 
conditions. Consequently, these deprivations contribute to rising criminal activities, including 
armed robbery, terrorism, kidnapping, and intra and inter- communal conflicts. Additionally, 
discriminatory practices within the security apparatus further aggravate human insecurity 
across the country. The paper concludes by recommending the strengthening of institutional 
frameworks through collaborations between the government, private sector, and civil society. 
Key suggestions include empowering communities by providing skills for improved livelihoods, 
expanding access to financial services, investing in infrastructure and road access, and 
enhancing community policing and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms to mitigate 
conflicts.