Implementation of Public Policies in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and Ways Forward

Abstract

Implementing public policies in Nigeria is a frequent topic of debate concerning governance and development. Policies formulated by various levels of government often encounter obstacles that impede their effectiveness. Due to its multitude of cultures, ethnicities, and interests, Nigeria faces distinct challenges in executing public policies aimed at fostering economic growth, social equality, and political stability. This study employs a qualitative methodology using both Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches as its theoretical framework and utilizes content analysis to examine secondary data sources relevant to public policy implementation in Nigeria. The study revealed that the challenges to public policy implementation in Nigeria are complex and interconnected. These challenges include insufficient funding, lack of mobilization and participation of key stakeholders at every stage of the policy process, inadequate policy evaluation and feedback mechanisms, political instability and ethnic tensions, and poor governance coupled with bureaucratic inefficiencies, among others. Tackling these issues necessitates a concerted effort from both government and civil society, focusing on strengthening institutional capacity, promoting stakeholder participation, enhancing transparency, and leveraging technology to foster good governance, improve infrastructure, and encourage public engagement.